What is the main effect of sodium hypochlorite on various materials?

Sodium hypochlorite is widely recognized for its decolorizing properties. It is a powerful bleaching agent that can break down the color molecules in dyes, which effectively removes or lightens colors from various materials, including textiles and surfaces. This action is primarily due to its ability to oxidize organic compounds, leading to a loss of color.

While sodium hypochlorite does have disinfecting properties and is commonly used for sanitation and the elimination of bacteria and viruses, the main focus of this question is on its effect on color. The other options related to strengthening fibers and waterproofing are not characteristic effects of sodium hypochlorite. Instead, it may actually weaken some materials, particularly delicate fabrics, through its oxidative actions. Thus, the decolorizing capability stands out as its main effect, making it the most relevant answer.